The future of public health is one with a focus on which of the following?

The future of public health is one with a focus on which of the following?

a. Equity and equality.
b. Acknowledging and acting on the issues that affect ecological sustainability.
c. Sustainability, and ensuring positive (and equitable) human experience, of which health is one.
d. All of the above.
e. Only b and c.

Answer: C

In Australia, 13% of the population is 65 years old or older (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010). During the past decades, the number and proportion of the population in this age group have increased rapidly in Australia. How can we reduce the impact of this on our health services?

In Australia, 13% of the population is 65 years old or older (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010). During the past decades, the number and proportion of the population in this age group have increased rapidly in Australia. How can we reduce the impact of this on our health services?

a. Rationing health services to particular population groups on the basis of criteria such as age or a person's responsibility for their condition.
b. Allocating more resources to preventative health and screening.
c. Providing environments and policies that encourage people to adopt healthier lifestyles, no matter their age.
d. All of the above.
e. Only b and c.

Answer: E

Fill in the gaps in the statement below with the most appropriate words and phrases: 'One of the major concerns for public health workers in countries like Australia is that __________ has/have a strong association with cardiovascular risk factors, obesity and diabetes.'

Fill in the gaps in the statement below with the most appropriate words and phrases:
'One of the major concerns for public health workers in countries like Australia is that __________ has/have a strong association with cardiovascular risk factors, obesity and diabetes.'

a. A lack of income and motivation.
b. Inadequate nutrition and too much physical activity.
c. A high income.
d. A lack of physical activity and the overconsumption of food.

Answer: D

Regardless of the health issue under consideration, what is one of the salient themes of public health in the twenty-first century?

Regardless of the health issue under consideration, what is one of the salient themes of public health in the twenty-first century? 

a. The notion of global effects and responses.
b. The need for each nation to make decisions about its own public health priorities.
c. More education and more resources.
d. More personal responsibility for health.

Answer: A

What are the three core components for a global plan for justice for the world's least healthy people as outlined by Gostin (2010)?

What are the three core components for a global plan for justice for the world's least healthy people as outlined by Gostin (2010)? 

a. The need to reduce inequalities in health through attention to unfair distribution of power, money and resources.
b. The focus on medical care rather than prevention; the attention to biomedical research and the ongoing disparity in health between different population groups.
c. The provision of essential vaccines and medicines, basic survival needs and adaptation to climate change
d. The focus on biomedical research; the need to deal with increasing rates of overweight and obesity and environmental impact assessment.

Answer: C

The National Health and Medical Research Council's Road Map: A Strategic Framework for Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Through Research (2004) sets out criteria for health and medical research with and of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians that include which of the following?

The National Health and Medical Research Council's Road Map: A Strategic Framework for Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Through Research (2004) sets out criteria for health and medical research with and of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians that include which of the following?

a. That research be based on identified need; be action-oriented; contain a skills- and knowledge-transfer strategy; and involve the institutional control of research.
b. That research be based on the needs identified by the relevant university; be action-oriented; contain a skills- and knowledge-transfer strategy; and involve the institutional control of research.
c. That research be based on identified need; be action-oriented; not involve the participants with the research designs and aims; and involve the community control of research.
d. That research be based on identified need; be action-oriented; contain a skills- and knowledge-transfer strategy; and involve the community control of research.

Answer: D

Why did the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission's Social Justice Report 2007 claim that the Northern Territory's 'Emergency Response' intervention was controversial?

Why did the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission's Social Justice Report 2007 claim that the Northern Territory's 'Emergency Response' intervention was controversial?

a. It guaranteed strict monitoring and evaluation provisions to ensure that only those measures that are appropriate are maintained.
b. It repealed the proviso of the legislation that limited indigenous peoples'' rights to obtain remedy.
c. It produced or intensified discord and mistrust between the federal government, the Northern Territory government, the indigenous communities and numerous community organisations.
d. It reinstated the Community Development Employment Projects scheme in the Northern Territory, with community fiscal development plans progressed into the future to guarantee the conversion from Community Development Employment Projects into 'real jobs'.

Answer: C

What is the goal of the Close the Gap campaign?

What is the goal of the Close the Gap campaign?

a. Closing the life-expectancy gap between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.
b. Promoting equal rights for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
c. Improving educational opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
d. Closing the gap between the educational achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-indigenous Australians.

Answer: A

Which of the following is true about the life expectancy at birth for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as compared with non-indigenous Australians?

Which of the following is true about the life expectancy at birth for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as compared with non-indigenous Australians?

a. The life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men is about 20.5 years less than other Australian men; for women, it is about 9.7 years less than non-indigenous Australian women.
b. The life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men is about 11.5 years less than other Australian men; for women, it is about 9.7 years less than non-indigenous Australian women.
c. The life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men is about 11.5 years less than other Australian men; for women, it is about 19.7 years less than non-indigenous Australian women.
d. The life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men is about 11.5 years more than other Australian men; for women, it is about 9.7 years less than non-indigenous Australian women.

Answer: B

In general, at the time of colonisation, accounts from early British and European explorers show that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples had which of the following health conditions?

In general, at the time of colonisation, accounts from early British and European explorers show that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples had which of the following health conditions? 

a. They suffered from a range of lifestyle-related diseases.
b. They had the same health status as they do now.
c. They were physically inactive and suffered from malnutrition.
d. They were fairly fit, healthy, and free of disease.

Answer: D

Which of the following is not one of the Millennium Development Goals?

Which of the following is not one of the Millennium Development Goals?

a. Achieve universal tertiary education.
b. Reduce child mortality.
c. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
d. Ensure environmental sustainability.
e. Promote gender equality and empower women.

Answer: A

Refugee crises affect Australia and many other countries, and there are misunderstandings about refugee resettlement in Australia. What are three popular myths regarding refugees?

Refugee crises affect Australia and many other countries, and there are misunderstandings about refugee resettlement in Australia. What are three popular myths regarding refugees? 

a. 'Most refugees would prefer to stay in their countries of origin'; 'resettlement leads to a "brain drain" '; and 'resettlement costs too much'.
b. 'Most refugees want to be resettled'; 'many resettled refugees contribute their knowledge and skills to improving the society'; and 'resettlement leads to a "brain drain" '.
c. 'Most refugees would prefer to stay in their countries of origin'; 'resettlement leads to a "brain drain" '; and 'resettlement costs too much'.
d. 'Most refugees want to be resettled'; 'resettlement leads to a "brain drain" '; and 'resettlement costs too much'.

Answer: D

How could global trade contribute to increasing an individual's risk for chronic diseases?

How could global trade contribute to increasing an individual's risk for chronic diseases?

a. The marketing of unhealthy products and risk behaviours, such as tobacco smoking and the consumption of fast food.
b. Too many people catching planes, trains and buses instead of walking and cycling.
c. Medical tourism, which involves patients travelling to other countries for medical treatments (e.g., dentistry, surgery).
d. Rapid cross-border transmission as a result of fast transportation (e.g., air travel).

Answer: A

Fill in the gaps in the statement below with the most appropriate words and phrases: 'Globalisation is the movement across national boundaries of __________, which results in the world becoming politically, economically and culturally __________.'

Fill in the gaps in the statement below with the most appropriate words and phrases:
'Globalisation is the movement across national boundaries of __________, which results in the world becoming politically, economically and culturally __________.'

a. wildlife, especially birds; interconnected and interdependent.
b. people, ideas, money, goods, and services; unconnected and independent.
c. pandemic diseases; interconnected and interdependent.
d. people, ideas, money, goods and services; interconnected and interdependent.

Answer: D

There are a number of major global trends that have been identified as having an impact on health. Which of the following issues is one of these global trends?

There are a number of major global trends that have been identified as having an impact on health. Which of the following issues is one of these global trends?

a. The decreasing costs of health and healthcare systems.
b. The limited importance of community and environment.
c. Increases in the incidence of chronic diseases.
d. The improving social circumstances of the poor.
e. Increasing the quality and amount of medical technology available.

Answer: C

Community development is the process of which of the following?

Community development is the process of which of the following?

a. The top-down management of community development activities and approaches.
b. The fostering of a climate that encourages professional management.
c. The involvement of communities in their own decision-making from the ground up.
d. The fostering of a climate that engages health professionals in community care.
e. All of the above.

Answer: C

A published review of successful health promotion revealed which of the following successful health-promotion actions?

A published review of successful health promotion revealed which of the following successful health-promotion actions?

a. Community participation and engagement in planning and decision-making, the creation of healthy settings, and human resource investments.
b. Intersectoral collaboration and inter-organisational partnerships at all levels, community participation and engagement, and marketing and human resource investments.
c. The creation of healthy settings, community participation and engagement in planning and decision-making, and intersectoral collaboration and inter-organisational partnerships at all levels.
d. None of the above.

Answer: C

What is one of the major criticisms of health education?

What is one of the major criticisms of health education?

a. It relates to healthy public policy and the development of individual issues.
b. The overemphasis on group responsibility at the expense of the individual.
c. The overemphasis on individual responsibility and potential victim-blaming.
d. The implications for preventative medicine and the care of the individual.
e. Its vulnerability to political and community influences and environments.

Answer: C

The Health Promoting Schools Framework is an example of community development that makes use of which three integrated components?

The Health Promoting Schools Framework is an example of community development that makes use of which three integrated components?

a. Fair disciplinary actions; school organisation, ethos and the environment; and partnerships and services.
b. Curriculum, teaching and learning; school organisation, ethos and the environment; and anti-bullying policies.
c. Curriculum, teaching and learning; school organisation, ethos and the environment; and partnerships and services.
d. Curriculum, teaching and learning; school lunch provision; and partnerships and services.

Answer: C

Which of the following are the five essential actions of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?

Which of the following are the five essential actions of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?

a. Build healthy public policy; change individual behaviour; strengthen community actions; develop personal skills; and reorient health services.
b. Build healthy public policy; create supportive environments; strengthen community actions; develop personal skills; and publicise health services.
c. Build healthy public policy; create supportive environments; strengthen community actions; develop personal skills; and reorient health services.
d. Build healthy public policy; create supportive environments; strengthen community actions; reward good personal skills; and reorient health services.

Answer: C